FORM- Basic Shape and configuration of an object, or space.
ex.) cylindrical, flat, square
-Form can be affected by light, color and other basic elements.
POINT- A position with no dimension
-A single point creates a location position
-Two points creates a distance between them and an implied direction.
LINE- An object or form whose actual or visual length greatly exceeds any actual width or depth.
-Horizontal lines are generally perceived as a restful, stable and related to the plane of earth.
-Vertical lines usually convey strength.
equilibrium, performance and a strong upward movement.
-Diagonal Lines are dynamic and often represent movement either upward or downward.
-Curved Lines relate more to nature and the world and the human body.
NOTE: Vertical lines appear to be longer then a horizontal line that is the same length.
-Vertical lines tend to make a space feel higher.
-Horizontal lines make a space feel lower.
PLANE- A form with 2 dominant dimensions. Length and width.
Planar Surface- Walls, Floors and Ceilings
Furniture and other objects are usually constructed of planes.
VOLUME - True 3D aspect.
-Objects with length, width and depth.
SHAPE - ex.) Geometrical Shape, pyramidal, globular.
-Square: generally suggests rational stable form.
-Circle: Implies Unity
-Triangle: Stable but dynamic
SCALE- Relative size of something as related to another element.
-Proportion - relationship of parts of a composition to each other.
NOTE- Human Scale is the most common scale.
COLOR- Color is the physical property of visible light that is one part of the larger electromagnetic spectrum.
-Each color is different by the wavelength.
NOTE: Violet hat the shortest wavelength.
When all the colors of light are present in the equal amounts we perceive white light.
-Colors created by light are additive colors.
example.) Blue objects absorbs or subtract most of the colors of light accept blue which is reflected to the eye,
-Colors created with pigments are called subtractive colors.
NOTE: When all colors of a pigment are equally present to a color, black is seen (additive color system)
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| Additive Color System |
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| Subtractive Color System |
3 Primary Colors - Red, Green and Blue (additive)
When Combined Equally they create white
COLOR HAS BASIC QUALITIES
Hue, Value and Intensity.
Value is the degree of lightness or darkness
Intensity is the degree of purity
-When White is added to a color it is called tinting
-When Black is adds to a hue is it called shade.
-Adding gray of the same value as the hue creates a tone.
- A tone can also be created by adding its compliment color.
BREWSTER SYSTEM (Prang System)
-Traditional Color Wheel
-Primary Colors- Red, Blue, and Yellow
-Secondary Colors - Violet, orange, and green
-Tertiary color- Primary _Secondary Color
MUNSELL COLOR SYSTEM
-Uses three scales in 3 Dimensions
-Value
-Hue
-Chroma
5 Principle Hues - Yellow, Purple, Green, Red, Blue
5 Intermediate Hues
NOTE:
Effects of adjacent colors
- When two complimentary colors are next to one another they seem more vibrant.
- 2 Primary colors together seem to be tinted by the third primary color.
- Neutral grey will appear to be warm when placed on a blue background and cool when placed on a red background.
- Human Eye perceives all light as white.
- Incandescent light is very yellow
- midday sunlight is predominantly blue
- cool white fluorescent lamps have large blue and green components
- Warm white fluorescent lamps have a higher yellow orange component.
-Light that has a similar particular strong hue component will intensify colors with similar hues and neutralize colors of complimentary hues.
PSYCHOLOGY of COLOR
Cool Colors - BLUE, GREEN, and VIOLET
-Considered restful and quiet
Warm Colors- RED, YELLOW and ORANGE
-Considered active and stimulating.
Effect of color on spatial perception
- bright Warm colors tend to make an object such as furniture appear larger.
- Dark color will make an object look smaller and heavier
- Light, Neutral colors extend the apparent space of a room while dark values make a space feel closed in.
- Warm colors advanced while cool colors recede.
Color Schemes -
5 Common Methods of Using Color:
- Monochromatic
-Analogous
- Complimentary
- Triad
- Tetred
Monochromatic - one hue with variation only in intensity and value.
Analogous- Uses hues that are close to each other.
- Colors are with in the same 90 degree wedge of the color wheel
Complimentary Colors-
- hues that are opposite each other on the color wheel
Triad- Uses 3 Colors equally spaced around the color wheel
example.) yellow-orange, Blue-Green, Red-Violet
Tetrad- Uses 4 colors equally spaced around the color wheel .
Texture- Surface quality of a material
NOTE: texture can be either actual or visual.
- Strong Direct Lighting will washout texture
- Strong Side Lighting emphasizes texture.
- smooth texture reflects light and shows imperfections.
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